Understanding Cancer
Cancer is a broad term for a group of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells within the body. These cells can form tumors, invade nearby tissues, and potentially spread to other parts of the body. Cancer can arise in various organs and tissues, and its development is typically influenced by genetic mutations, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, and a combination of these.
Cancer remains a significant global health challenge, impacting individuals and families profoundly. Early detection, effective treatments, and ongoing research are essential components of the ongoing battle against cancer, with the ultimate goal of improving patient outcomes and expanding our knowledge of these complex diseases.
BREAST CANCER
Breast cancer, the leading cancer among women worldwide, has surged to prominence in India, topping the list of common malignancies. The factors behind this rising burden are manifold – limitations within the healthcare system, delayed diagnosis, human resource shortages, and funding issues.
- Most common cancer in Indian women
- 1,62,468 newly detected cases in 2018
- 87,090 died of breast cancer, 2nd highest in the world
- One woman diagnosed with breast cancer every 4 minutes
- One woman dies of breast cancer every 8 minutes
- Increasing number of diagnoses in young women
Being aware of the symptoms, regular screening, reporting to doctors and getting tested as per advise and following treatment protocol is the only way to save lives and reduce the burden. Regular self-examination is an easy, convenient way to be aware of any changes in the body that might signal the development of breast cancer. Early detection increases the cure rate and chances of survival.
Symptoms of breast cancer
- Alterations in skin texture over the breast (swelling, redness, noticeable differences between both breasts)
- Changes in shape and size of the breasts
- Noticeable change in the appearance of the nipple (e.g. inverted nipple)
- Appearance of dimples or indentation on the breast
- Discharge from the nipple (except breast milk)
- Skin over the breast resembling the texture of an orange peel
- Ulcer on the breast that fails to heal
- Lumps or nodules that can be externally felt
- Presence of lumps under the armpit
Breast cancer prevention
- Maintain a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and exercise
- Limit alcohol consumption
- Avoid long-term hormone replacement therapy
- Know your family history and genetic risk
- Seek medical advice for high-risk individuals
- Consult a healthcare professional for personalized guidance and screening recommendations
- USG Scans or Mammograms after the age of 45 or as advised by the healthcare practitioner
LUNG CANCER
Lung cancer, primarily linked to smoking and exposure to carcinogens like asbestos and radon, is a leading global cause of cancer-related deaths. It comprises two main categories: Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) and Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC), with symptoms like persistent cough, chest pain, and breathing difficulties. In India, it constitutes 5.9% of cancer cases and 8.1% of cancer-related deaths, often diagnosed in late stages, limiting treatment options to palliative care.
Personalized low-dose CT scans for high-risk individuals can significantly reduce lung cancer mortality, diagnosing approximately 80% of patients in curable stages. Nonetheless, concerns about radiation exposure, accuracy issues, and the associated costs and workload impede screening program implementation.
Early detection remains crucial for effective lung cancer treatment, involving surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapies, or immunotherapy. Combating this deadly disease also necessitates preventive measures such as smoking cessation and reducing risk factors, aligning with cancer management principles.
Common symptoms of lung cancer
- Persistent, nagging cough
- Changes in breathing patterns or wheezing
- Difficulty in breathing
- Hoarse voice
- Abnormal or unintended weight loss
- Coughing up blood
- Feeling fatigued and low on energy
Prevention of lung cancer
- Quit Smoking
- Avoid secondhand smoke
- Radon gas mitigation
- Limit exposure to carcinogens
- Healthy diet
- Exercise regularly
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